Debenham UK 1800’s through the 1950’s; Miss Emily Moore (Three generations in these cookbooks)

Wartime Fudge (crumb)  (Good)                         

Ingredients (for 4): 2 level tablespoonfuls syrup, 2 oz. sugar, 2 oz. cocoa, 2 oz. butter or marg., few drops vanilla or any essence (peppermint, orange, rum), 6 oz. dried crumbs. 

Method:

Heat syrup, marg. Sugar & cocoa, gently until all melted.  Stir in the required flavoring & then breadcrumbs.  Mix thoroughly & turn into greased soup plats (2).  Spread evenly, mark lightly into fingers or squares.  Leave for 24 hours (not necessary) & then use as a cake or sweets.  (Roll in cocoanut, or leave plain, or anything goes).  ½ quantity makes 30 sweets. 

(Food Facts)

Syrup = golden syrup; you can substitute corn syrup for this, or go to your local import shop and look in the specialty foods section.  I found some at Cost Plus. 

INGREDIENT REFERENCES and MEASUREMENTS

I have found several references that

explains the equivalents to our modern measurements.  Just a few examples are;

Gill – Pronounced Jill; equal to a quarter of a pint; or four fluid ounces which equals ½ cup.  

Lump of (something) the size of a Turkey’s egg – equals 4 ounces

Lump of (something) the size of a chicken’s egg – equals 2 ounces.

Lump of Butter the size of a walnut – equals 1 ounce. (can also be 1 rounded tablespoon)

A Victorian measurement of a wine glassful, will not be the wine glass we think of today.  They were much smaller, about ¼ cup to ½ cup.  So, when using a recipe that askes for a wine glass full be sure to use a lot less than you would think about using from today’s size of glass.

Quite a few of these recipes call for; a coffee cupful. A teacup full, and a wineglass full. 

A coffee cupful = 1 cup.

A tea cupful = 1/3 cup, I have also found it to be ¾ cup.

A wine glassful = ¼ cup, ½ gill or 4 T.

A Tumbler = ½ pint or 1 cup

Basic measurements

The measurements may sometimes call for a “pinch” or a “dash” of something, they have never really been defined other than a pinch or a dash are both less than 1/8 of a teaspoon.  I have actually seen a measuring spoon set that has them measured out; I am sure you could find them if you really want a set.   I usually define them as; a pinch, equals what you can “pinch” between your thumb and forefinger.  A dash equals one “shake” of a container with holes in the lid, such as a salt shaker. 

Teaspoons are often listed with just a small letter “t”; also tsp. And many other versions all starting with a small t.

Tablespoons are often listed with just a capitol “T”; also Tbsp. And many other versions starting with a capitol T.

A cup is often listed as a “C” or a “c”.

An ounce is often listed as “oz.”

A pound is often listed as “lb.”, lbs. and sometimes as “#”.

3 teaspoons equal 1 Tablespoon.

4 Tablespoons equal ¼ of a cup.

5 Tablespoons plus 1 teaspoon equals 1/3 cup.

8 Tablespoons equal ½ cup, and 16 Tablespoons equal 1 cup.

2 Tablespoons make one fluid ounce.

1 half pint equals 1 cup.

2 cups make a pint

4 cups, or 2 pints, equal a quart.

4 quarts make a gallon.

It takes 8 quarts to make a peck and 4 pecks to make a bushel. 

4 Tablespoons or ½ a gill equal one wine glass

2 wine glasses or ½ cup equals 1 gill

2 gills equal a coffee cup full

2 coffee cups full equal 1 pint

2 pints equal 1 quart

2 Tablespoonsful liquid equals 1 ounce

1 Tablespoon of salt equals 1 ounce

16 ounces equal 1 pound, or a pint of liquid

1 rounded Tablespoon of flour equals ½ ounce

3 cupful’s of corn meal equals 1 pound

4 coffee cupful’s sifted flour equals 1 pound

1 quart unsifted flour equals 1 pound

1 pint granulated sugar equals 1 pound

2 coffee cupful powdered sugar equals 1 pound

1 pint brown sugar equals 13 ounces

2 ½ cupful’s of powdered sugar equals 1 pound

Oven temperatures are seldom given in the old books and recipes; most times the only say something like a slow oven or quick oven.  These are the equlivent to today’s oven temperatures;

A very slow oven equals 250 to 275 degrees.

A slow oven equals 300 to 325 degrees.

A moderate oven equals 350 to 375 degrees.

A hot or quick oven equals 375 to 400 degrees.

A very hot oven equals 400 to 450 degrees. 

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